穩(wěn)妥實(shí)施國(guó)際金融監(jiān)管新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，提升我國(guó)金融體系穩(wěn)健性。實(shí)施新的國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是進(jìn)一步提升我國(guó)在國(guó)際金融監(jiān)管改革中發(fā)言權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)，但新監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在國(guó)內(nèi)落地實(shí)施，必須充分考慮我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新常態(tài)的新特征以及我國(guó)金融業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)性特點(diǎn)，秉持“實(shí)質(zhì)重于形式”的原則，兼顧統(tǒng)一性與靈活性。穩(wěn)妥實(shí)施國(guó)際金融監(jiān)管新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，關(guān)鍵在于實(shí)施具有差異化的分類監(jiān)管。差異化的分類監(jiān)管可以有幾個(gè)依據(jù)：一是金融機(jī)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng)重要性及國(guó)際活躍程度。對(duì)于廣泛參與國(guó)際業(yè)務(wù)的大型國(guó)際化金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)按照國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施高水平、更密集的監(jiān)管，這一方面有助于降低大型金融機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的門檻，另一方面能增強(qiáng)其應(yīng)對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)復(fù)雜性潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力；而對(duì)于業(yè)務(wù)集中于國(guó)內(nèi)、主要從事傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)的中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)，則適宜采用簡(jiǎn)單、有效的監(jiān)管規(guī)則，降低金融機(jī)構(gòu)的合規(guī)成本。二是金融機(jī)構(gòu)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控能力與自我約束能力。對(duì)于已經(jīng)建立了較為完善的公司治理機(jī)制、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理能力強(qiáng)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)，可以減少監(jiān)管干預(yù)或限制；而對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好激進(jìn)、內(nèi)部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估和管理較弱的金融機(jī)構(gòu)，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)監(jiān)督檢查甚至提高監(jiān)管要求，限制其非理性擴(kuò)張。三是實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。對(duì)于小微企業(yè)、產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)等需要政策扶持的經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)，金融監(jiān)管應(yīng)在規(guī)范風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的基礎(chǔ)上，在制度上給予支持。而對(duì)于產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩的行業(yè)，或者運(yùn)作鏈條長(zhǎng)、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的業(yè)務(wù)，應(yīng)采取更加審慎的監(jiān)管態(tài)度，通過(guò)強(qiáng)化監(jiān)管要求，抑制那些為追逐短期回報(bào)而脫離實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)需求的自我金融創(chuàng)新、自我循環(huán)和自我膨脹行為。

不斷完善金融監(jiān)管體制，增強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管有效性。金融發(fā)展史表明，金融監(jiān)管的有效性不取決于“誰(shuí)來(lái)監(jiān)管”，而取決于“如何監(jiān)管”。單純的監(jiān)管組織機(jī)構(gòu)改變并不能代替深層次的改革。監(jiān)管理念、監(jiān)管制度、監(jiān)管技術(shù)和監(jiān)管模式的變革才是深層次的根本性改革。歐美國(guó)家金融監(jiān)管權(quán)力重新配置的最終效果還有待于檢驗(yàn)。在金融監(jiān)管體制改革的問(wèn)題上，核心是監(jiān)管模式與金融業(yè)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r相匹配。本次金融危機(jī)打破了金融業(yè)混業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)的大趨勢(shì)，暴露了綜合經(jīng)營(yíng)的各種弊端?；鞓I(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)導(dǎo)致各類金融之間的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相互滲透，擴(kuò)大了系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，增加了監(jiān)管的難度，可能并非金融業(yè)發(fā)展的最優(yōu)模式。現(xiàn)階段“一行三會(huì)”分業(yè)監(jiān)管模式總體上符合我國(guó)國(guó)情，有利于金融監(jiān)管專業(yè)化，有利于防止不同政策目標(biāo)的沖突。根據(jù)目前國(guó)內(nèi)金融市場(chǎng)發(fā)育水平，應(yīng)在分業(yè)監(jiān)管的基礎(chǔ)上，加強(qiáng)不同監(jiān)管部門之間的協(xié)調(diào)，比較合理的模式是在國(guó)務(wù)院層面建立金融監(jiān)管協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，填補(bǔ)監(jiān)管真空，防止監(jiān)管套利；不同政府部門之間建立信息分享機(jī)制，及早識(shí)別系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，加強(qiáng)宏觀審慎監(jiān)管，保證監(jiān)管政策、財(cái)政政策、貨幣政策和產(chǎn)業(yè)政策之間的協(xié)調(diào)配合，防范區(qū)域性和系統(tǒng)性金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

參考文獻(xiàn)

王兆星，2014，《后危機(jī)時(shí)代國(guó)際金融改革探索》，北京：中國(guó)金融出版社。

王勝邦，2013，《國(guó)際金融危機(jī)與國(guó)際金融監(jiān)管改革》，北京：中國(guó)金融出版社。

Haldane, Andrew G, 2014, Managing global finance as a system, Speech at the Maxwell Fry Annual Global Finance Lecture, at Birmingham University, 29 October;Rosenau, James N, 1992, Governance without Government, Cambridge University Press.

New Changes in the Global Financial Regulation in the Post-Crisis Era
                                           Wang Shengbang  Yu Liang
Abstract: The financial crisis is an extreme form of the financial system's vulnerability, and all previous financial crises have helped to promote the reform of the financial regulation system and relevant technological progress. Since the global financial crisis in 2008, the global financial regulatory framework has undergone a few significant changes: first, G20 steers the global financial regulatory reform; second, FSB becomes an important coordination platform for the global financial regulatory reform; and third, the position of BCBS in the global financial regulatory agencies has been greatly improved. There have also appeared some new trends concerning the concept, mode and mechanism of financial regulation, including the changes in the financial supervision ideas, the widespread attention paid to the "life and death" of financial institutions, the significantly tightened financial regulation, and the power reorganization concerning financial regulation. With the improved internationalization of Chinese banks, China also faces higher external pressure and has stronger internal motivation for participating in global financial governance and regulatory reform, which requires us to have a profound understanding of the difficulties and complexity of the international financial system and develop a clear strategy, so as to gain new opportunities in the future global competition.
Keywords: post-crisis era, financial crisis, financial regulation, the Financial Stability Board (FSB), financial system reform

王勝邦，中國(guó)銀監(jiān)會(huì)審慎規(guī)制局副局長(zhǎng)，巴塞爾銀行監(jiān)管委員會(huì)政策制定工作組成員。研究方向?yàn)閲?guó)際金融監(jiān)管改革。主要著作有《商業(yè)銀行資本約束與信貸擴(kuò)張》《新資本協(xié)議：信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)建模、計(jì)量和驗(yàn)證》《全球金融危機(jī)與金融監(jiān)管改革》等。俞靚，中國(guó)銀監(jiān)會(huì)審慎規(guī)制局研究員，巴塞爾委員會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)計(jì)量工作組成員。